Chemically speaking, turquoise is an aggregate, cryptocrystalline hydrated copper/aluminum phosphate. There is only one deposit—Lynch Station, Virginia—that is known to yield transparent to translucent crystals. (Collectors demand a high premium for uncommon specimens from this area). This stone usually appears as an opaque deposit in shallow crusts on the surface of rocks, in veins within host rocks, or as nodules. Big turquoise is never transparent. Falstite, the zinc counterpart of turquoise, has a density in the turquoise range and a vivid yellow-green color. Alongside the minerals planerite and chalcosiderite, turquoise can also form in series. In addition to turquoise, malachite, and chrysocolla can occasionally grow together in stones.
What Hue Does Turquoise Mean?
Shades of blue, blue-green, and yellowish green are all possible depending on the trace element concentration. Blu adds copper. Vanadium with chromium gives green. Yell is added by iron. Rare blue-violet specimens with strontium impurities are known to exist. Because iron and vanadium concentrations are so high, US mines typically yield diamonds that range from green to greenish blue. The most prized stones in the past, and even to a significant extent in the present, are those with a subtle robin’s egg or heavenly blue hue with no discernible matrix. This color, frequently referred to as “Persian Blue,” denotes low vanadium and low iron concentrations. These kinds of turquoise are still produced in Iran. Nonetheless, comparable stones have been produced in the US, most notably in the Sleeping Beauty Mine near Globe, Arizona.
Is Turquoise a Good Stone for Jewelry?
While turquoises may have certain physical restrictions as jewelry stones, they can still be fantastic additions to your collection if cut, cleaned, and cared for properly. Due to their porosity and susceptibility to heat and/or chemicals, turquoise is a relatively delicate material. On average, stones contain 18–20% water. Heat from an unsuspecting jeweler’s torch, for instance, causes the water in the mineral to gradually evaporate until the mineral’s structural integrity is compromised at 400 degrees Celsius. Because of the characteristics of this stone, turquoise jewelry is best saved for special occasions. Use protective settings, particularly when using it on a ring, and shield it from heat, chemicals, and physical blows.
Do Patterns in Turquoise Matrix Affect Durability?
The majority of rough turquoise has matrix, or veins or patches of the host rock (such as opal, brown limonite, black chert, white kaolinite, chalcedony, or brown limonite) in which it developed. In order to create patterns and color contrast, lapis lapidaries frequently cut this brownish or black matrix in addition to the stone. The stone’s workability, toughness, and color may all be impacted by this matrix. Approximately a hardness of five and a modest porosity are characteristics of relatively pure specimens of turquoise. Hardness and porosity are often increased by a high silicate mineral composition and decreased by a high clay mineral content. At one extreme of this range are pieces with a hardness of 5.5 to 6, which polish brightly and have a low porosity.
Turquoise’s Spiritual Significance
“Turquoise is a sacred stone to many of the Native American tribes of the American Southwest,” according to the Tanners. “The unique appeal of turquoise comes from its color kinship to the sky and compatibility with water, which is the most precious thing in the Southwest. Nearly every Native American tribe has made some use of turquoise, whether for healing or aesthetic purposes,” adds Garland. This uncommon blue-green gemstone has spiritual importance for many of the tribes in the Southwest, possibly because it reminds them of the sky and water, two elements that are revered here. There are several native tribes in the Southwest; in Arizona alone, there are 21 federally recognized tribes.
Conclusion
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