The term ‘assessment’ is more than just tests and is classified under two main categories: formative assessment and summative assessment. It is sometimes referred to as ‘assessment for learning’ and ‘assessment of learning,’ respectively.
Both types of assessments are used in the classroom and serve different purposes. Understanding the fundamental functions of formative and summative assessments is important. It is effective in motivating students and improving learning outcomes.
Summative and formative assessments serve different purposes in assessing student learning. Summative testing evaluates overall achievement and knowledge growth after a study unit. It gives an idea of student progress. Summative assessments provide information about overall academic performance.
On the other hand, formative assessment strategies focus on continuous development and long-term information retention. It also involves regular evaluations. Formative assessments offer real-time feedback on student learning. This allows teachers to adjust their instruction quickly and adequately address individual needs for continuous improvement.
In-depth evaluations that go beyond simple multiple-choice questions are essential in teaching. Comprehensive questions are useful for assessing cognition, but more interactive approaches can reveal students’ understanding.
What Is Formative Assessment?
Formative assessments are frequently conducted during regular classes to gain insight. This helps teachers assess student progress and achievement regularly. These assessments, like diagnostic questions, reveal knowledge gaps and existing understanding. This helps both students and teachers plan the next learning stages.
As learning progresses, additional assessments determine whether instructional methods need adjustments to support or extend students’ theoretical knowledge.
Formative tasks use strategies such as key questions, exit tickets, quizzes, and other review activities. Most formative assessments are not recorded unless they are used to identify the next steps in the lesson plan.
The primary functions of formative assessments include monitoring student theoretical knowledge and providing ongoing feedback to students and staff. These assessments help to continuously check on student knowledge and skills. Properly designed ongoing assessments help students identify strengths and weaknesses, which improves their self-regulating skills. Additionally, these assessments inform teachers about lesson planning and areas where students may need extra support.
Teachers can promote understanding checks as well as self-and peer assessment. These tests are usually low-stakes and do not have grades. It encourages student participation without the stress of official evaluation.
Benefits Of Formative Assessment
- Formative assessment enhances the learning experience for both students and teachers.
- Continuous feedback in formative assessment supports long-term retention and cumulative knowledge acquisition.
- It ensures students grasp essential concepts and contributes to improved student outcomes.
- Formative assessment assists in curriculum planning by identifying areas where students need further assistance.
- Teachers can customise instruction based on formative assessment results and address individual needs effectively.
- This approach develops a dynamic and responsive educational environment.
- To advance school achievement, improving a child’s existing knowledge is crucial.
- Formative assessment helps identify gaps in understanding. This helps in curriculum planning for comprehensive coverage.
- Critical questions and mixed-assessment approaches create a positive, risk-free learning environment.
- Formative tasks prepare students for summative evaluation when coupled with insightful feedback from teachers.
What Is Summative Assessment?
Summative exams are more formal assessments used to evaluate student progress, academic achievement, and skill development. This is done after a specific instructional period. It is done at the end of a key stage, course, unit, project, program, semester, or academic year.
External tests are often used for summative purposes. This summarises what a student has learned relative to the national curriculum and learning objectives. The duration of these exams, or SATs, varies based on what the education system aims to assess.
Summative tasks can take various forms, like observations, written tasks, or discussions. The results can be documented in written formats, photographs, audio recordings, or other visual media. This provides insight into what has been learned.
Exams serve a summative function by summarising a student’s achievements at a specific point in time. It provides data for informing stakeholders and tracking progress against benchmarks or standardised tests. These exams are typically high-stakes, and learners often prioritise external tests over assessment for learning (A4L) activities.
Education experts emphasise the importance of using feedback from both summative and formative assessments. This guides teachers and students in their future academic activities and efforts.
Getting good grades in summative exams is fine, but only relying on end-of-study testing may not give enough feedback. This is necessary for performance improvement during the program or module. Therefore, maintaining a balance between summative and formative assessments is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of student progress.
Benefits Of Formative Assessment
- Summative assessment helps in developing memory through retrieval practice.
- Retrieval practice involves actively recalling information and strengthening neural connections.
- Regular engagement in retrieval practice reinforces memory and enhances long-term retention.
- The process helps identify gaps in understanding. This allows for targeted revision and improved comprehension.
- The practice of retrieval helps in the development of long-lasting and efficient memory recollection.
- It promotes deeper learning and lasting knowledge retention.
- Summative assessments refresh students’ memories of previously learned content.
- They reinforce overall learning objectives for the class.
- Standardised tests provide teachers with a ‘big-picture’ view of student achievement.
Conclusion
Teachers can assess achievement levels through direct tests and use the results to inform learning and teaching methods. This provides constructive advantages. Interactive lessons, involving critical questions or graphic organisers, offer opportunities to measure a student’s understanding and identify their next steps. Recognising the power of feedback as a classroom tool is essential.
Whether formal or informal, evaluation is beneficial for secondary and primary school students. Classroom assessments offer students a chance to measure their performance. Formative and summative methods can be applied individually or in group settings to monitor progress. When students express their ideas and demonstrate specific skills in group work, valuable information can be obtained.